![]() ![]() ![]() The barrier film products were applied to four of the six stained sites in duplicate (each product was applied to one site on each arm) according to manufacturer's directions. The stained site was allowed to dry for 10 minutes prior to any measurements and application of the test products. Each site was stained with crystal violet, rinsed and patted dry. As subjects arrived, three 5 × 5 cm 2 sites, on each volar forearm, were outlined with a marker. The subjects reported to the lab and their arrivals were staggered. The average age of the subjects was 66♳ ± 3♲ years in addition, there were 10 women and 2 men.Īll subjects signed a consent form after being informed of their obligations and the risks that they might encounter as a participant in this study. Subjects were excluded if they had any marks, scars or scratches on the volar forearms. They were required to refrain from application of any moisturising products to their arms at any time on the study day or during the 3 days prior to the start of the study. Subjects were excluded if they had any known sensitivities to cosmetics, soaps or fragrances. A secondary purpose was to compare this product, in such a capacity, to a widely used solvent delivered, polymer acrylate product, marketed for similar purposes (Product B Cavilon ® no‐sting barrier film, 3M ®, Minneapolis, MN).įor this study, 12 subjects were recruited with the following inclusion/exclusion criteria. The overall purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of a cyanoacrylate polymer film (Product A, Marathon ® Medline, Mundelein, IL) to protect human skin against moisture and abrasion. Food and Drug Administration approval 33. While rare allergic reactions have been reported for certain preparations 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, application of cyanoacrylates to human skin and tissue is safe for most individuals and has U.S. However, to our knowledge no literature exists investigating the potential benefits from using a monomeric cyanoacrylate, as a tool to prevent intact skin from breakdown. Cyanoacrylates have been shown to form a polymer film quickly in situ on human skin and have been safely used to provide closure to surgical and traumatic wounds for several years 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 they have also been used on peristomal 26 and pedal lesions 27 to successfully promote healing. In a recent study, Woo 9 demonstrated that cyanoacrylate‐based barrier protectant is more cost‐effective than petrolatum barrier. Although these skin protectants are intended to minimise friction, repel fluid and protect the skin from chemical irritants, scientific evidence to substantiate their relative effectiveness remains inconsistent 8, 15, 16, 17. Application of barrier protectants based on petrolatum, silicone, zinc and acrylates, which create a physical barrier, has been incorporated into a number of best practice documents. Provision of meticulous skin care and protection of vulnerable area from moisture and friction are critical to promoting skin health 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. intertrigo) and delayed wound healing when damage involves the wound edge and periwound skin 6, 7, 8. In addition, moisture‐associated skin damage has been documented to be associated with pain, secondary infection (e.g. Common superficial skin lesions include stage 2 pressure ulcers, skin tears, incontinence‐associated dermatitis and moisture‐associated skin damage they affect millions of individuals and cost millions of dollars every year 5. Corrosive enzymes in faecal material are activated by ammonia released from the breakdown of urine, and they penetrate through the stratum corneum, leading to skin erosion, inflammation and further damage 1, 2, 3, 4. Prolonged and increased exposure to moisture from bodily fluids such as urine, loose stool, perspiration and caustic wound exudate, the surface of the skin becomes alkaline, overhydrated, macerated and soft, rendering it more susceptible to breakdown. Superficial lesions are often caused by excessive rubbing, friction and trauma that strip the skin. Mechanical forces such as pressure and shear are linked to deep tissue damage due to reduced blood flow, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and nutrients for cellular metabolism. Skin breakdown often predominantly categorised into superficial or deep based on differences in their contributing mechanisms. The skin is the largest organ of the body, which functions as a mechanical, chemical and immunological barrier. ![]()
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